Norway’s railway system offers some of the world’s most spectacular train journeys, crossing dramatic mountain plateaus, winding through deep fjords, and extending north into the Arctic Circle. Whether you’re planning a scenic adventure or need practical transport between Norwegian cities, understanding the norwegian railway system will enhance your travel experience significantly.
This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about norwegian trains, from major operators and booking procedures to the most scenic routes that showcase Norway’s breathtaking landscapes. With over 4,000 kilometers of track connecting the country from Oslo to the northern reaches above the Arctic Circle, Norway’s rail network provides both efficient transportation and unforgettable journeys through some of Europe’s most dramatic terrain.
Overview of Norway’s Railway Network
Norway operates an impressive railway network spanning 4,109 kilometers of standard gauge track, with 2,644 kilometers electrified using a 15 kV AC system. This extensive network includes 697 tunnels and 2,760 bridges, testament to the engineering challenges posed by Norway’s dramatic geography of mountains, fjords, and valleys.
The railway network connects major cities from the capital city Oslo in the south to Bodø above the Arctic Circle in the north. The Norwegian Railway Directorate oversees the system’s strategic development, while Bane NOR has maintained the infrastructure since 2017, ensuring safe and efficient operations across this challenging terrain.
Multiple companies now operate train services across Norway, including Vy, SJ Norge, Go-Ahead Nordic, and Flytoget. This competitive environment emerged following deregulation efforts that began in 2019, introducing more choice and innovation to norwegian railway services.
The network also connects to the Swedish railway system at four border crossings, enabling seamless international rail travel between the two Scandinavian countries. These connections provide opportunities for extended rail journeys across northern Europe, linking Norway to the broader European rail network.
Major Train Operators in Norway
Vy (Formerly NSB)
Vy remains the largest train operator in Norway, running long distance trains and regional trains across most major routes in the country. As the successor to Norwegian State Railways (NSB), Vy operates the majority of passenger services, including express trains on key intercity routes and local trains serving smaller communities throughout the railway network.
SJ Norge
SJ Norge, the Norwegian subsidiary of Swedish rail operator SJ, runs services primarily on the Nordland Line and other northern routes. This Swedish operator brings international expertise to Norwegian rail services, particularly valuable for routes extending into remote northern regions where operational challenges are significant.
Go-Ahead Nordic
Go-Ahead Nordic operates regional trains in southern Norway, including some services on the Sørland Line. This operator focuses on providing reliable regional connectivity, serving smaller stations and communities that depend on rail transport for access to larger cities and economic centers.
Flytoget
Flytoget operates the dedicated Airport Express Train connecting oslo airport to central Oslo in just 19-22 minutes. This high-speed service runs every 10 minutes during peak hours, providing crucial connectivity between Norway’s busiest airport and the capital city. The service extends to several stations in the oslo area, offering convenient access for both residents and visitors.
CargoNet
CargoNet serves as the primary freight operator, utilizing 30 El 14 and 15 El 16 electric locomotives to transport goods across the electrified portions of the network. Freight services play a crucial role in Norway’s economy, particularly for transporting timber, minerals, and other bulk commodities from remote regions to ports and processing facilities.
The introduction of competition since 2019 has transformed the norwegian railway landscape, leading to improved services, more competitive pricing, and innovation in passenger amenities. Train operators now compete on punctuality, comfort, and customer service, benefiting travelers throughout the country.
Key Railway Lines and Routes
Bergen Line (Bergensbanen)
The Bergen Line spans 496 kilometers from Oslo to Bergen, crossing Norway’s highest railway point at 1,237 meters above sea level. This iconic route traverses the Hardangervidda plateau, offering passengers spectacular views of mountain peaks, pristine lakes, and vast wilderness areas. The journey takes approximately 6.5 to 7 hours, making it one of the world’s most scenic long distance trains.
Dovre Line
Connecting Oslo to Trondheim via Lillehammer, the 553-kilometer Dovre Line passes through Dovrefjell National Park. This historic route offers opportunities to spot wildlife including musk oxen, while providing access to some of Norway’s most significant cultural and natural landmarks. The line serves as a crucial link between eastern and central Norway.
Sørland Line
The 545-kilometer Sørland Line connects Oslo to Stavanger, serving southern Norway’s coastal region. This route provides access to the country’s oil capital and numerous coastal communities, playing a vital role in connecting southern norway to the capital and supporting both business and leisure travel.
Nordland Line
At 729 kilometers, the Nordland Line represents Norway’s longest railway, stretching from Trondheim to Bodø and crossing the Arctic Circle. This remarkable journey takes passengers through diverse landscapes from central Norwegian valleys to Arctic tundra, with a special ceremony marking the Arctic Circle crossing that has become a highlight for many travelers.
Ofoten Line
The 43-kilometer Ofoten Line runs from Narvik to the Swedish border, serving primarily as an iron ore railway. As Norway’s northernmost railway line, it plays a crucial economic role in transporting iron ore from Swedish mines to ice-free ports on the Norwegian coast.
Flåm Line
The 20-kilometer Flåm Line branches from Myrdal to Flåm, offering one of the world’s steepest standard gauge train rides. With a descent of 863 meters through 20 tunnels, this spectacular journey provides close-up views of waterfalls, steep valleys, and dramatic mountain scenery that attracts visitors from around the world.
Røros Line
This historic 384-kilometer route connects Hamar to Trondheim via the UNESCO World Heritage town of Røros. The line passes through traditional Norwegian countryside and historic mining regions, offering insights into the country’s cultural heritage alongside beautiful natural scenery.
Rauma Line
The 114-kilometer Rauma Line runs from Dombås to Åndalsnes through the dramatic Romsdalen valley. This scenic route provides access to the famous Trollveggen (Troll Wall) and some of Norway’s most spectacular mountain scenery, making it a favorite among photographers and nature enthusiasts.
Train Stations and Infrastructure
Oslo Central Station (Oslo S)
Oslo S serves as the main hub of the norwegian railway system, handling approximately 170,000 daily passengers. This central station provides connections to all major lines radiating from the capital, including international services to Sweden. The station offers comprehensive facilities including restaurants, shops, and passenger services, making it a crucial gateway for both domestic and international rail travel.
Bergen Station
As the western terminus of the famous Bergen Line, Bergen Station serves approximately 1.8 million passengers annually. The station provides connections to the Flåm Line and other regional services, supporting Bergen’s role as a major tourist destination and Norway’s second-largest city.
Trondheim Central Station
Trondheim Central Station functions as a key junction connecting the Dovre Line, Nordland Line, and Røros Line. This strategic location makes it an important hub for both north-south and east-west travel throughout central and northern Norway.
Most train stations throughout Norway provide modern accessibility features, including elevators, ramps, and designated areas for passengers with reduced mobility. Larger stations offer additional amenities such as cafes, waiting areas, and tourist information services. Many stations also provide bike parking and connections to local bus networks, supporting integrated public transport.
Smaller stations along scenic routes often feature unique architectural elements and provide access to hiking trails, viewpoints, and local attractions. These stations serve both transportation and tourism functions, often becoming destinations in themselves for travelers exploring Norway’s natural beauty.
Types of Trains and Rolling Stock
Regional Trains
Regional trains utilize BM 69, BM 70, and BM 72 electric multiple units designed for shorter distances and frequent stops. These trains provide comfortable seating and large windows for viewing Norway’s landscapes, while offering reliable service to smaller communities throughout the railway network.
Express Trains
Express trains feature BM 73 tilting units capable of higher speeds on intercity routes. These advanced trains use tilting technology to maintain comfort while navigating Norway’s curving tracks at increased speeds, reducing journey times between major cities while providing premium amenities for passengers.
Long-Distance Trains
Long distance trains employ El 18 and Di 4 locomotives pulling B7 passenger cars for extended journeys across the country. These trains offer various seating classes, onboard catering, and sleeping accommodations on overnight services, ensuring passenger comfort during lengthy journeys through Norway’s vast landscapes.
Airport Express (BM 71)
The dedicated Airport Express trains use BM 71 high-speed units specifically designed for the oslo airport route. These trains feature luggage storage areas, comfortable seating, and frequent departures to provide efficient connections between the airport and central Oslo.
Diesel Units
BM 93 and BM 92 diesel units operate on non-electrified sections, particularly in northern regions where electrification has not yet been completed. These units ensure service continuity across the entire network while maintaining passenger comfort and safety standards.
Seat reservations are required on most long distance trains, while regional trains typically operate on a first-come, first-served basis. Modern norwegian trains feature comfortable seating, panoramic windows for scenic viewing, onboard Wi-Fi, and power outlets for electronic devices. Premium services often include additional amenities such as meal service and extra legroom.
Booking and Travel Information
Entur Platform
The Entur platform serves as the primary booking system for norwegian trains, allowing passengers to purchase train tickets up to 90 days in advance. This user-friendly system provides real-time schedules, pricing information, and seat reservation options for all major train operators throughout Norway.
Seat Reservations and Pricing
Seat reservations are mandatory on long distance trains, while regional trains typically operate without mandatory reservations. The pricing structure rewards advance booking with significant discounts, particularly during off-peak periods. Peak season travel, especially during summer months and holiday periods, requires early booking to secure preferred departure times and seating.
Mobile Tickets and Collection
Most norwegian trains accept mobile tickets displayed on smartphones, eliminating the need for physical ticket collection. Electronic tickets can also be collected at station machines using booking reference numbers, providing flexibility for travelers arriving from international destinations.
International Connections
Rail passes including Interrail and Eurail are valid on most norwegian trains, though seat reservations may require additional fees. International connections to Sweden operate through border crossings, with through-ticketing available for journeys extending to Stockholm, Gothenburg, and other Swedish destinations.
Peak Travel Seasons and Booking Tips
Summer months from June through August create the highest demand for scenic routes, particularly the Bergen Line and Flåm Line. Advanced booking becomes essential during this period to secure seats on popular departures. The northern lights season from September through March increases demand on the Nordland Line, as travelers seek opportunities to witness this natural phenomenon from the comfort of heated train cars.
Christmas and Easter periods see increased domestic travel on all major routes as Norwegians visit family and friends across the country. International visitors planning travel during these peak periods should book train tickets well in advance and consider flexible travel dates to find availability on preferred routes.
Practical Booking Considerations
When booking norwegian trains, consider that journey times can vary significantly based on weather conditions, particularly during winter months. Allow extra time for connections and consider purchasing flexible tickets that permit changes without significant penalties. Most larger cities offer multiple daily departures, while remote destinations may have limited service frequency requiring careful schedule coordination.
Scenic Train Journeys and Tourism
Bergen Line’s Mountain Crossing
The Bergen Line’s crossing of the Hardangervidda plateau provides passengers with views of Europe’s largest mountain plateau. The route passes through diverse ecosystems, from temperate valleys to Arctic-alpine environments, showcasing Norway’s dramatic elevation changes. Key highlights include the Finse station at 1,222 meters elevation, surrounded by glaciers and serving as a gateway to hiking and cross-country skiing.
Flåm Line’s Dramatic Descent
The Flåm Line’s 863-meter descent through 20 tunnels creates one of the world’s most dramatic train experiences. The journey includes stops at spectacular waterfalls, with the famous Kjosfossen waterfall providing opportunities for photography and short walks. The steep gradients and tight curves require specialized engineering, making the journey both thrilling and educational for those interested in railway technology.
Rauma Line’s Trollveggen Views
The Rauma Line provides access to the famous Trollveggen (Troll Wall), Europe’s tallest vertical rock face. The route through Romsdalen valley offers constantly changing perspectives of dramatic peaks, glacial valleys, and traditional Norwegian architecture. Photography enthusiasts particularly appreciate the morning and evening light conditions that illuminate the valley’s steep walls.
Nordland Line’s Arctic Experience
The Nordland Line’s crossing of the Arctic Circle includes a special ceremony for passengers, marking their entry into the Arctic region. Beyond this symbolic moment, the journey provides opportunities to observe northern lights during winter months and midnight sun during summer. The changing landscapes from temperate forests to Arctic tundra illustrate Norway’s remarkable geographic diversity.
Dovre Line’s Wildlife Opportunities
Travel on the Dovre Line through Dovrefjell National Park offers chances to spot wild musk oxen, reindeer, and numerous bird species. The park represents one of Norway’s most important conservation areas, and train passengers often have better wildlife viewing opportunities than road travelers due to the railway’s route through less disturbed habitats.
Photography and Viewing Tips
For optimal photography from norwegian trains, choose seats on the right side when traveling westbound on the Bergen Line for the best mountain views. The Flåm Line offers spectacular photo opportunities from both sides, though the valley side provides more dramatic compositions. Morning departures generally offer better lighting conditions for mountain photography, while afternoon journeys provide warmer light for landscape images.
Consider bringing binoculars for wildlife spotting, particularly on the Dovre Line and northern sections of the Nordland Line. Train windows are typically large and clean, but bringing a polarizing filter can help reduce reflections for better photography results.
The combination of reliable transport, comfortable amenities, and spectacular scenery makes trains in norway an exceptional way to explore the country’s natural beauty while traveling efficiently between destinations. Whether seeking practical transportation or memorable tourist experiences, the norwegian railway system delivers both functionality and adventure across some of the world’s most dramatic landscapes.
Rail journeys in Norway offer unique opportunities to experience the country’s geography, culture, and natural phenomena in comfort and safety. From the dramatic mountain crossings of the Bergen Line to the Arctic adventures of the Nordland Line, each route provides distinct experiences that showcase different aspects of Norwegian landscapes and culture.
The combination of modern rolling stock, spectacular routes, and efficient booking systems makes norway an ideal destination for rail enthusiasts and casual travelers alike. Whether planning a brief trip between major cities or an extended exploration of the country’s diverse regions, the norwegian railway system provides reliable, comfortable, and memorable travel experiences throughout this remarkable Scandinavian nation.